{"id":3904,"date":"2026-10-10T22:37:39","date_gmt":"2026-10-10T19:37:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/albuad.sa\/?p=3904"},"modified":"2026-10-10T22:38:20","modified_gmt":"2026-10-10T19:38:20","slug":"%d8%a3%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a3%d8%ae%d8%b0-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/albuad.sa\/en\/%d8%a3%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a3%d8%ae%d8%b0-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"Grab Sample \u0623\u0645 Composite \u0623\u0645 Incremental Sampling\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 H1 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 WordPress: Grab Sample \u0623\u0645 Composite Sample \u0623\u0645 Incremental Sampling\u061f \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 Hotspots \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u061f Meta Title: Grab \u0648Composite \u0648Incremental Sampling | \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a Meta Description: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 Grab Sample \u0623\u0648 Composite Sample \u0623\u0648 Incremental Sampling \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0624\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 Slug: grab-composite-incremental-sampling \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a Alt \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629: \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641: Create a photorealistic editorial cover image for an environmental sampling article in Saudi Arabia. Show an environmental field specialist wearing appropriate PPE at a real industrial soil investigation site. In the foreground, place three clearly different sampling setups: one sealed discrete soil sample jar, a set of equal aliquot containers prepared for a composite sample, and a systematic grid of many small soil increments being collected across a defined decision unit. Use natural daylight, realistic Saudi terrain, accurate field equipment, and subtle brand accents in #2E7D32 and #66BB6A. Professional environmental consulting photography, comfortable contrast, landscape 16:9, 1600 by 900 pixels. No text, labels, arrows, icons, diagrams, watermarks, invented logos, futuristic holograms, or exaggerated contamination. Leave a small clean area in the lower right for adding the official logo later. \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0641 H1 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 WordPress \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627. --><\/p>\n<h2>\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 185px;\" width=\"157\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>A<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>B<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C<\/td>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>D<\/td>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>E<\/td>\n<td>500<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0646\u0627 Grab Sample \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 B \u0641\u0642\u0637:<\/p>\n<p>Result = 12<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0646\u0627 Grab Sample \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 E:<\/p>\n<p>Result = 500<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0633\u0646\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 Hotspot \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0651\u0627 Composite \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0648:<\/p>\n<p>(10 + 12 + 11 + 9 + 500) \u00f7 5 = 108.4<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>12 \/ 500 \/ 108.4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>Sampling Method must match the decision question.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637:<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u064a Population \u0623\u0648 Location \u0623\u0648 Time Period \u0646\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<h2>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a Grab Sample\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>Grab Sample \u0647\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>Soil.<\/p>\n<p>Groundwater.<\/p>\n<p>Surface Water.<\/p>\n<p>Wastewater.<\/p>\n<p>Sediment.<\/p>\n<p>Oils\/Liquids.<\/p>\n<p>Solid Materials.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p>One Location + One Time : One Result<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 Grab Sample\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646:<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0640:<\/p>\n<p>Hotspot Detection.<\/p>\n<p>Peak Condition.<\/p>\n<p>Specific Location Assessment.<\/p>\n<p>Vertical Profiling.<\/p>\n<p>Source Investigation.<\/p>\n<p>Delineation.<\/p>\n<p>Verification Sampling.<\/p>\n<p>Spatial Variability.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: Soil Hotspot<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0646\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 Targeted Discrete\/Grab Sample \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>20 Clean Locations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 Composite \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0640Hotspot.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0646:<\/p>\n<p>Averaging can destroy spatial information.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: Groundwater<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>MW-05<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a Sampling \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>MW-01 + MW-02 + MW-03<\/p>\n<p>\u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Average Groundwater Plume Concentration<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u064a\u0646 Leading Edge\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 Plume \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u064a Well \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a Delineation:<\/p>\n<p>Spatial Resolution \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: Wastewater<\/h3>\n<p>Grab Sample \u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>08:30<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>24 hours\/day<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n<p>Flow + Production + Contaminant Load<\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 Grab Sample \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0646 Grab Sampling \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Instantaneous Condition<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Daily Average Condition<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 Grab Sampling \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p>Hotspot Detection.<\/p>\n<p>Peak\/Event Detection.<\/p>\n<p>Specific Location Assessment.<\/p>\n<p>Vertical Concentration Profile.<\/p>\n<p>Source Identification.<\/p>\n<p>Delineation.<\/p>\n<p>Verification Sampling.<\/p>\n<p>Spatial Mapping.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 Compositing.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629: Spatial Resolution<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a:<\/p>\n<p>Sample S-17 = 500 mg\/kg<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>500 mg\/kg<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>GIS Mapping \/ Delineation \/ Excavation Design \/ Source Removal \/ Verification<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0646\u0627 S-17 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 Average \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0636\u0639\u0641: Limited Representativeness<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a Soil\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>One Accurate Discrete Result \u2260 Site-Wide Concentration<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 Sampling Design \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 Incremental Sampling Methodology \u2013 ISM \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a Composite Sample\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>Composite Sample \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 Aliquots\/Increments \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u0631:<\/p>\n<p>Locations.<\/p>\n<p>Time.<\/p>\n<p>Flow.<\/p>\n<p>Defined Area \u0623\u0648 Process.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 Grab Sample \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u064f\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u061f \u0648\u0628\u0623\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u061f \u0648\u0645\u0627 Population \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/p>\n<h3>Composite Result \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062d\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>108.4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 Weighted Composite \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d SAP:<\/p>\n<p>Composite Basis + Number of Aliquots + Contribution of Each Aliquot + Mixing\/Processing Procedure<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0640Composite<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0640:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Average Condition<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u0648 Decision Endpoint.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Loss of Spatial or Temporal Resolution<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>108.4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>500<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Composite Sampling \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a Hotspot<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Maximum \/ Not-to-Exceed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 Compositing \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n<p>Hotspot = 500<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 Composite:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>108.4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0646 Composite \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u201c\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0646:<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633:<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f Hotspot \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 500\u061f<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0640Composite Sampling<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1. Time Composite<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 Aliquots \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Aliquot every hour for 24 hours<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 Analytes \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>2. Spatial Composite<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 Area \u0623\u0648 Decision Unit \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>3. Flow-Proportional Composite<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 Flow\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 Mass Loading \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0644 Analyte \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0640Compositing<\/h3>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645:<\/p>\n<p>Volatility.<\/p>\n<p>Stability.<\/p>\n<p>Holding Time.<\/p>\n<p>Preservation.<\/p>\n<p>Heterogeneity.<\/p>\n<p>Decision Criterion.<\/p>\n<p>Analytical Method.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c Compositing \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f Maximum Concentration.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631:<\/p>\n<p>Composite \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>Is compositing scientifically compatible with the analyte and the decision?<\/p>\n<h3>Grab vs Composite \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644<\/th>\n<th>Grab \/ Discrete<\/th>\n<th>Composite<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f Hotspot\u061f<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u061f<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vertical Profile<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Spatial Mapping<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/td>\n<td>Resolution \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 Area \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td>Grab \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Maximum \/ Not-to-Exceed<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0641 Peak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0639\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Flow-Proportional Composite<\/h2>\n<p>\u0641\u064a Flow-Proportional Composite Sampling \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 Aliquot \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Wastewater \/ Process Discharges<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 Flow \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Concentration<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pollutant Mass Loading<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>Mass Load \u221d Concentration \u00d7 Flow<\/p>\n<h3>Time Composite vs Flow-Proportional Composite<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th>Flow<\/th>\n<th>Concentration<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hour 1<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hour 2<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632:<\/p>\n<p>(100 + 10) \u00f7 2 = 55<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0646 Hour 2 \u0645\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n<p>\\frac{(10\\times100)+(100\\times10)}{10+100} = 18.2<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0646:<\/p>\n<p>Time-Weighted Concentration = 55<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Flow-Weighted Concentration \u2248 18.2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0640:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mass Discharge \/ Pollutant Load<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 Flow.<\/p>\n<h3>Area Composite<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c Soil \u0623\u0648 Solid Materials \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Area Composite Sample<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 Bulk Material.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Defined Population \/ Decision Area<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>Source History.<\/p>\n<p>Exposure.<\/p>\n<p>Land Use.<\/p>\n<p>Contamination Pattern.<\/p>\n<p>\u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 Composite Sample\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Integrated \/ Average Condition<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 Compositing \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a Composite:<\/p>\n<p>Time-Based.<\/p>\n<p>Flow-Weighted.<\/p>\n<p>Spatial.<\/p>\n<p>Mass-Weighted.<\/p>\n<p>Equal-Volume.<\/p>\n<p>Equal-Mass.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c:<\/p>\n<p>Average without a clearly defined meaning.<\/p>\n<h3>Composite \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u201c\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u201d<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641:<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 Population \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f Aliquots\/Increments\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0623\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u064a Flow-Proportional\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 Decision Endpoint \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a Composite Sampling: \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 Hotspot<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636:<\/p>\n<p>9 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 = 10 mg\/kg<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1,000 mg\/kg<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>\\frac{(9\\times10)+1000}{10}=109<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0646:<\/p>\n<p>Composite Result = 109 mg\/kg<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1,000 mg\/kg<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u06401,000 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0650 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hotspot Dilution \/ Loss of Spatial Resolution<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d Composite \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 X\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0648:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Where is the hotspot?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0623\u0648:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Where does contamination end?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c Spatial Resolution \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<p>Hotspot Detection.<\/p>\n<p>Maximum\/Not-to-Exceed Decisions.<\/p>\n<p>Delineation.<\/p>\n<p>Source Identification.<\/p>\n<p>Vertical Profiling.<\/p>\n<p>Verification of localized residual contamination.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a Verification Sampling<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 Excavation Floor \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p>F1 = 20 F2 = 18 F3 = 22 F4 = 800<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a Composite \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 F4.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 F4 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Residual Vertical Contamination<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 Decision Rule \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f Hotspot \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 Criterion\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 Composite \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0646:<\/p>\n<p>Mean Pass does not prove Maximum Pass.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 Composite \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>Average Wastewater Concentration \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>Bulk Material Characterization.<\/p>\n<p>Mean-Based Soil Decision.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u0636 Stockpiles \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c Process Monitoring.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639:<\/p>\n<p>Analyte Stability + Sampling Method + Decision Rule<\/p>\n<h3>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 VOCs \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0630\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mixing \/ Transfer \/ Homogenization \/ Exposure to Air<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Volatilization and Analyte Loss<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 Compositing \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c VOCs \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 Method \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cComposite \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0646\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a BTEX.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 Data Quality.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a Incremental Sampling Methodology \u2013 ISM\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>ISM \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a Composite \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 Increments \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Decision Unit \u2013 DU<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062b\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mean Concentration \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 DU<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 Discrete Samples \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0637\u064f\u0648\u0631\u062a ISM\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Highly Heterogeneous<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p>Metal Fragment.<\/p>\n<p>Paint Chip.<\/p>\n<p>Oil Droplet.<\/p>\n<p>Fine Particle Rich in Contaminant.<\/p>\n<p>Localized High-Concentration Grain.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646 Discrete \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>Spatial + Compositional Heterogeneity<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 Composite \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648ISM\u061f<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Composite \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>4\u20135 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f:<\/p>\n<p>DU.<\/p>\n<p>Increment Distribution.<\/p>\n<p>Sample Mass.<\/p>\n<p>Processing.<\/p>\n<p>Replicates.<\/p>\n<p>Statistical Objective.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ISM<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>Decision Unit \u060c \u062b\u0645 Systematic Increment Collection \u060c \u062b\u0645 Adequate Increment Count \u060c \u062b\u0645 Representative Sample Mass \u060c \u062b\u0645 Defined Laboratory Processing \u060c \u062b\u0645 Controlled Subsampling \u060c \u062b\u0645 Replicates \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u060c \u062b\u0645 Statistical Interpretation<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ISM \u2260 Large Composite Sample<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 Increment\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>Increment \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 Decision Unit.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n<p>DU = 500 m\u00b2<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 Increments \u0639\u0628\u0631 DU \u0648\u0641\u0642 Pattern \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 ISM Sample.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645:<\/p>\n<p>Increment \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a Laboratory Sample \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a ISM Sample \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a Increments.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f Increments \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a Increments \u0644\u0643\u0644 DU.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>30 \u0623\u0648 50 \u0623\u0648 100 Increments<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p>DU Size.<\/p>\n<p>Heterogeneity.<\/p>\n<p>Particle Size.<\/p>\n<p>Contaminant Distribution.<\/p>\n<p>Decision Objective.<\/p>\n<p>Required Precision.<\/p>\n<p>Sampling Design.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0646:<\/p>\n<p>Increment count must be designed\u2014not copied.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a Decision Unit \u2013 DU\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>DU-1: Playground Area DU-2: Industrial Yard DU-3: Tank Pad<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>Land Use.<\/p>\n<p>Exposure.<\/p>\n<p>Source History.<\/p>\n<p>Remediation Objective.<\/p>\n<p>Decision Criterion.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a ISM: Decision Unit \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>50,000 m\u00b2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 Tank Area \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>One DU<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 Tank Area \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a ISM \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Poor Decision Unit Design<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Hotspot DU<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f Source Area \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 DU \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>General Site DU Tank DU Workshop DU Waste Storage DU<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u062c Source \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 ISM<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 Decision Unit\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 ISM \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0640ISM \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 Maximum.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p>Discrete Samples.<\/p>\n<p>Targeted Samples.<\/p>\n<p>Hotspot Investigation.<\/p>\n<p>Hybrid Design.<\/p>\n<h3>ISM \u0648Maximum Concentration<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u062a ISM:<\/p>\n<p>Mean = 80 mg\/kg<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 &gt;80 mg\/kg<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 Maximum Spatial Concentration.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mean of the Decision Unit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 Mean \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 Exposure\/Risk Assessments \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062d\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Average Exposure Concentration \/ Exposure Point Concentration<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 ISM \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 Discrete Samples.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 Mean \u0647\u0648 Endpoint \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Decision Question<\/th>\n<th>Discrete\/Grab<\/th>\n<th>Conventional Composite<\/th>\n<th>ISM<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f Hotspot\u061f<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Maximum Concentration<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0647<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 Maximum \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vertical Profile<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 DU<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Site Mapping<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n<td>Resolution \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 DU<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mean \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 DU<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Soil Heterogeneity<\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Spatial Location of High Result<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 DU<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Hybrid Sampling Strategy: \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mean Exposure Across an Area<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 ISM \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 Decision Endpoint \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 Decision Unit.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631:<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f Hotspot \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a Lead \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Localized Maximum \/ Hotspot<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Targeted Discrete Sampling<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645:<\/p>\n<p>ISM \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 + Targeted Discrete Samples \u0644\u0644\u0640Hotspots \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hybrid Sampling Strategy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 Sampling Design \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tank Area : Targeted Discrete<\/li>\n<li>General Yard : ISM<\/li>\n<li>Wastewater : Flow-Proportional Composite<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>Grab\/Discrete \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 ISM \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631<\/th>\n<th>Grab \/ Discrete<\/th>\n<th>ISM<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 Increment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hotspot Detection<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u0641 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 Hotspot \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 DU \u0633\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mean Concentration<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629 Samples<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 Mean \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 DU<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>GIS Concentration Map<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 DU<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vertical Profile<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 DUs \u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0639\u062f\u062f Laboratory Samples<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 Field Collection \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Statistical Representativeness<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Composite \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 ISM<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631<\/th>\n<th>Conventional Composite<\/th>\n<th>ISM<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Statistical Planning<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Decision Unit<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Number of Increments<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Field Distribution<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Laboratory Processing<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Replicates<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 Reproducibility<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<td>Average \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td>Mean \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 DU<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0646:<\/p>\n<p>ISM \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f Composite \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 Laboratory Processing \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a ISM\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>50 Excellent Increments<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>5 g<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 ISM \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n<p>Field Sampling + Laboratory Processing<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>Homogenization appropriate to method.<\/p>\n<p>Particle Size Management.<\/p>\n<p>Defined Subsampling Procedure.<\/p>\n<p>Adequate Sample Mass.<\/p>\n<p>Controlled Handling.<\/p>\n<h3>Particle Size \u0648Fundamental Sampling Error<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a Soil \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0628\u0640:<\/p>\n<p>Fine Particles.<\/p>\n<p>Coarse Fragments.<\/p>\n<p>Paint Chips.<\/p>\n<p>Metal Particles.<\/p>\n<p>Oil-Coated Aggregates.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a Laboratory Subsample \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Fundamental Sampling Error<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>Sample Mass + Particle Size Reduction + Processing + Subsampling<\/p>\n<p>\u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 ISM.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 Replicates \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a ISM\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 Independent Replicates \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 DU \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n<p>Replicate 1 = 100 Replicate 2 = 105 Replicate 3 = 98<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>100 \/ 500 \/ 20<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 Variability \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>DU Definition.<\/p>\n<p>Increment Distribution.<\/p>\n<p>Sample Mass.<\/p>\n<p>Field Heterogeneity.<\/p>\n<p>Laboratory Processing.<\/p>\n<h3>Replicate \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a Laboratory Duplicate<\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>Independent ISM Replicate \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sampling Process \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 DU<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Laboratory Duplicate<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Laboratory Analysis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 Replicates \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0646:<\/p>\n<p>Sampling + Matrix Variability<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 Laboratory Duplicate \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Analytical Precision<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Grab Sampling \u0641\u064a Wastewater<\/h2>\n<p>Grab Samples \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>Instantaneous pH.<\/p>\n<p>Peak Discharge.<\/p>\n<p>Batch Release.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u0636 Parameters \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 Sampling \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0640Oil &amp; Grease \u0623\u0648 Cyanide \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p>Parameter + Permit + Method + Monitoring Objective<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 Grab \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>Composite Sampling \u0641\u064a Wastewater<\/h3>\n<p>Composite Sampling \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Average Condition Over Time<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0639:<\/p>\n<p>BOD.<\/p>\n<p>COD.<\/p>\n<p>TSS.<\/p>\n<p>Other stable parameters.<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0633\u0628 Permit \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645:<\/p>\n<p>Composite must represent the intended time or flow period.<\/p>\n<h3>Time Composite vs Flow-Proportional<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Time Composite<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 Aliquots \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Flow-Proportional Composite<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Daily Mass Load<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u0625\u0646 Flow-Proportional \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646:<\/p>\n<p>Mass Load = Concentration \u00d7 Flow<\/p>\n<h3>Grab \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 Peak \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 Composite<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636:<\/p>\n<p>23 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 = 10 mg\/L<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1,000 mg\/L<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Composite \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 24 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1,000.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What is the peak concentration?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0640Composite \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>Composite \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 Grab \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a Grab \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>10 mg\/L<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u064a\u0635\u0631\u0641 10 mg\/L \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0646:<\/p>\n<p>Grab \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 Daily Average \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f Sampling Method<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f Peak\u061f<\/td>\n<td>Grab<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u064a\u0646 Hotspot\u061f<\/td>\n<td>Targeted Discrete<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 Wastewater \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/td>\n<td>Composite<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0627 Mean Soil Concentration \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 DU\u061f<\/td>\n<td>ISM<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u061f<\/td>\n<td>Discrete<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0627 Vertical Profile\u061f<\/td>\n<td>Discrete \/ Depth-Specific<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0627 Mass Load\u061f<\/td>\n<td>Flow-Proportional + Flow Data<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Spatial Resolution \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0637 Samples\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a Composite Result:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>100 mg\/kg<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u2248100 mg\/kg<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0623\u0645:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>99% \u22480 \u06481% \u224810,000 mg\/kg<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>Risk Assessment.<\/p>\n<p>Remediation Design.<\/p>\n<p>Hotspot Control.<\/p>\n<p>Excavation.<\/p>\n<p>Liability.<\/p>\n<p>Future Land Use.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627:<\/p>\n<p>Average concentration does not describe spatial distribution.<\/p>\n<h3>Spatial Resolution: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 Discrete Data\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Contaminant Contour Map<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n<p>Sample ID + Coordinates + Depth + Result<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 ISM DU Mean \u0641\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 Decision Unit\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>DU Mean \u2260 Point-by-Point Concentration Map<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 ISM \u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 Contours \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 DU \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>Delineation \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c Spatial Resolution<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p>Discrete Sampling.<\/p>\n<p>Step-Out Sampling.<\/p>\n<p>Step-Down Sampling.<\/p>\n<p>Multi-Depth Sampling.<\/p>\n<p>Spatially Referenced Results.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0623\u0646 Delineation \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646:<\/p>\n<p>Lateral + Vertical Boundaries<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>Verification Sampling: \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 ISM\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 ISM \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646:<\/p>\n<p>Completion Criterion = Mean-Based Criterion within a defined DU<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Maximum \/ Not-to-Exceed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u0625\u0646 Mean \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n<p>ISM + Targeted Discrete Verification<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ISM : evaluates DU mean<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Targeted Discrete : investigates known or suspected residual hotspots<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Composite Sampling \u0641\u064a Stockpiles<\/h3>\n<p>Stockpile \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>500 tonnes of excavated soil<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u061f<\/p>\n<p>Grab Sample \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d Stockpile \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 500 \u0637\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Random mixing without a sampling design<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645:<\/p>\n<p>Stockpile Volume.<\/p>\n<p>Formation History.<\/p>\n<p>Sources of Material.<\/p>\n<p>Segregation.<\/p>\n<p>Heterogeneity.<\/p>\n<p>Particle Size.<\/p>\n<p>Decision Criterion.<\/p>\n<p>Sampling Access.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0637\u062d Stockpile \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628:<\/p>\n<p>Layering \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 Fine Material.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0641\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>Segregation \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>3D Stockpile Sampling Logic<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u062f\u0629 Grab Samples \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/p>\n<h2>Composite Samples \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>Compositing \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chemical Compatibility<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628:<\/p>\n<p>Gas Generation.<\/p>\n<p>Heat Release.<\/p>\n<p>Pressure.<\/p>\n<p>Chemical Reaction.<\/p>\n<p>Worker Exposure.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0646:<\/p>\n<p>Never composite unknown or incompatible materials solely for analytical convenience.<\/p>\n<h3>VOC Soil Samples: \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0630\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Benzene \u0648Other VOCs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621:<\/p>\n<p>Mixing.<\/p>\n<p>Grinding.<\/p>\n<p>Homogenization.<\/p>\n<p>Transfer.<\/p>\n<p>Exposure to air.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 Sampling \u0644\u0644\u0640VOCs \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sample Manipulation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Composite is cheaper : therefore composite BTEX samples<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0646 TPH\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>TPH \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a Analyte \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>Volatile \/ Gasoline Range.<\/p>\n<p>Diesel Range.<\/p>\n<p>Heavy Oil Range.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>Volatility + Mobility + Analytical Preparation<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cTPH can always be composited.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n<p>Fraction + Method + Matrix + Decision Objective<\/p>\n<h3>Metals<\/h3>\n<p>Metals \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 Volatilization \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 VOCs\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Particle Heterogeneity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>Fine Particles.<\/p>\n<p>Paint Chips.<\/p>\n<p>Metal Fragments.<\/p>\n<p>Mineral Grains.<\/p>\n<p>Localized Nuggets.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 ISM \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a Metals \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0640:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mean Concentration \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 DU<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 Particle Size \u0648Sample Mass \u0648Processing \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>Asbestos \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Grab vs Composite vs ISM<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 Analyte.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 Asbestos \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Analyte-Specific Sampling Protocol<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 TPH \u0623\u0648 Metals.<\/p>\n<h3>Biota \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>Sampling \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 Composite Samples \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p>Species + Age\/Size + Tissue Type + Ecology + Exposure Question<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f Soil Sampling \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Composite \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>20 Field Samples<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mix every 4 samples : 5 Laboratory Samples<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647\u061f<\/p>\n<p>Spatial Resolution.<\/p>\n<p>Hotspot Identification.<\/p>\n<p>Individual Results.<\/p>\n<p>Delineation Capability.<\/p>\n<p>Ability to attribute contamination.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>Cheaper analytically but weaker scientifically.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 Cost per Decision \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 Cost per Sample<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u064a\u0633:<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645 \u0633\u0639\u0631 Laboratory Sample\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 5 Composite Samples \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p>Missed Hotspot.<\/p>\n<p>Supplemental Investigation.<\/p>\n<p>Underestimated Remediation.<\/p>\n<p>Second Mobilization.<\/p>\n<p>Incorrect Closure Decision.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0647\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 Grab Samples \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What is the mean concentration within a DU?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 Grab Samples \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c:<\/p>\n<p>High Variability.<\/p>\n<p>Extreme Values.<\/p>\n<p>High Laboratory Cost.<\/p>\n<p>\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 Mean \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a ISM \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0646:<\/p>\n<p>More samples \u2260 automatically better sampling design.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 Sampling Error\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p>Sampling Error + Analytical Error<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a Soil \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 Sampling Error \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Heterogeneity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642:<\/p>\n<p>Analytical Precision = \u00b15%<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>300%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Field Representativeness<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 ISM \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 Sampling Error\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 ISM \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Spatially Distributed Increments<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 DU.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 Final Sample \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p>DU Design + Increment Pattern + Field Execution + Sample Mass + Laboratory Processing<\/p>\n<h3>\u0647\u0644 ISM \u062a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>Decision Unit Selection Uncertainty.<\/p>\n<p>Sampling Variability.<\/p>\n<p>Laboratory Variability.<\/p>\n<p>Temporal Variability.<\/p>\n<p>CSM Uncertainty.<\/p>\n<p>Analytical Limitations.<\/p>\n<p>ISM \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 Sampling Variability\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642.<\/p>\n<h2>Decision Errors: False Positive \u0648False Negative<\/h2>\n<p>\u0623\u064a Sampling Design \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>False Positive<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p>Unnecessary Excavation.<\/p>\n<p>Additional Treatment.<\/p>\n<p>Higher Cost.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>False Negative<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p>Residual Contamination.<\/p>\n<p>Future Exposure.<\/p>\n<p>Liability.<\/p>\n<p>Rework.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 Sampling Design \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<p>False Acceptance + False Rejection<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3>Grab Sample \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a Grab Sample \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u062a Hotspot \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u062a Clean Spot \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0648\u062a Hotspot \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a\u061b \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3>Composite \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 Variability \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a Extremes<\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mean Concentration<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Maximum \/ Not-to-Exceed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u0641\u064a Hotspot \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c<\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mean-Based Decision<\/td>\n<td>Composite \/ ISM<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Point \/ Hotspot Decision<\/td>\n<td>Discrete \/ Grab<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Time-Average Decision<\/td>\n<td>Time Composite<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mass Load Decision<\/td>\n<td>Flow-Proportional Composite<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 Sampling.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Grab \u0648ISM \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>ISM \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 Mean \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Targeted Discrete Samples \u062d\u0648\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>Tank.<\/p>\n<p>Spill Area.<\/p>\n<p>Transformer.<\/p>\n<p>Waste Storage.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Step-Out Discrete Samples \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f Hotspot.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p>Average Information + Hotspot Information + Delineation<\/p>\n<h3>Multi-Decision Unit Strategy<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 DUs\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>DU-1 \u2013 Administrative Yard DU-2 \u2013 Production Area DU-3 \u2013 Fuel Storage DU-4 \u2013 Waste Storage<\/p>\n<p>\u062b\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 Sampling Method \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 DU.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645:<\/p>\n<p>One Site does not require one Sampling Method.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u062d\u062f\u062f Decision Units\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p>Historical Use.<\/p>\n<p>Source Areas.<\/p>\n<p>Exposure Scenario.<\/p>\n<p>Soil\/Lithology.<\/p>\n<p>Current\/Future Land Use.<\/p>\n<p>Remediation Objectives.<\/p>\n<p>Contaminant Distribution.<\/p>\n<p>Management Decision.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>Decision Unit \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a Parcel Boundary<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0639\u062f\u0629 Decision Units<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0640DU \u0647\u0648:<\/p>\n<p>Area or volume for which one environmental decision will be made.<\/p>\n<h2>Sampling \u0641\u064a Due Diligence \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/h2>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Site-Wide Composite \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f Environmental Liability \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Targeted Sampling around Areas of Concern<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Sampling \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 Area-Based Design \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>100,000 m\u00b2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>99,000 m\u00b2 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1,000 m\u00b2 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 Site-Wide Average \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0646:<\/p>\n<p>Average cannot replace CSM.<\/p>\n<h3>Sampling Method \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 Sampling \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Discrete \/ Targeted \u0644\u0640Delineation.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Field Screening + Targeted Confirmation.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Verification Sampling Design.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201c\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 Composite Sampling.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0642:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201c\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 Composite Sampling.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 Data Quality Objectives \u2013 DQOs<\/h2>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 Sampling Method \u062d\u062f\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Decision<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u061f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Population<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u061f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Statistic<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Mean \u0623\u0645 Maximum \u0623\u0645 Percentile\u061f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Spatial Resolution<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Temporal Resolution<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c Peak \u0623\u0645 Average\u061f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Error Tolerance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 Decision Error \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Grab \/ Discrete \/ Composite \/ ISM \/ Hybrid Design<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Decision Matrix \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u061f<\/td>\n<td>Targeted Grab \/ Discrete<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b\u061f<\/td>\n<td>Targeted Discrete<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b\u061f<\/td>\n<td>Step-Out Discrete<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0627 Mean \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 DU\u061f<\/td>\n<td>ISM<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u061f<\/td>\n<td>Time Composite<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u061f<\/td>\n<td>Flow-Proportional Composite<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u061f<\/td>\n<td>Grab<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0647\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a Hotspot \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/td>\n<td>Targeted Discrete<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0627 Mean Exposure \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u061f<\/td>\n<td>ISM \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0640Contour Map\u061f<\/td>\n<td>Spatially Referenced Discrete Samples<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Decision-Support Tool<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f Sampling Plan \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0628:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Composite Soil Sample<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>Sampling Objective \u2013 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u061f<\/p>\n<p>Decision Unit \/ Population \u2013 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u061f<\/p>\n<p>Number of Grabs\/Increments \u2013 \u0643\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p>Spatial\/Temporal Pattern \u2013 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u061f<\/p>\n<p>Individual Mass\/Volume \u2013 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u061f<\/p>\n<p>Weighting Basis \u2013 Equal \/ Time \/ Flow \/ Mass Weighted.<\/p>\n<p>Compositing Method \u2013 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c\u061f<\/p>\n<p>Field Processing \u2013 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p>Laboratory Processing \u2013 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p>Replicates \u2013 \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f Replicates \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627\u061f<\/p>\n<p>Decision Statistic \u2013 Mean \u0623\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d Composite:<\/p>\n<p>A mixed sample with unclear representativeness.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a Grab \/ Discrete Sample\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>Sample ID + Coordinates + Depth\/Interval + Date\/Time + Matrix + Collection Method + Field Observations + Preservation + Requested Analysis<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>Spatially + Vertically + Temporally Traceable<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a Delineation \u0648GIS \u0648Verification.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a Wastewater Composite\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Composite \u0641\u064a Wastewater \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n<p>Start Time.<\/p>\n<p>End Time.<\/p>\n<p>Total Sampling Duration.<\/p>\n<p>Number of Aliquots.<\/p>\n<p>Aliquot Volume.<\/p>\n<p>Collection Interval.<\/p>\n<p>Flow Rates.<\/p>\n<p>Time- or Flow-Proportional Method.<\/p>\n<p>Preservation.<\/p>\n<p>Automatic Sampler ID.<\/p>\n<p>Sampler Program Settings.<\/p>\n<p>Operational Conditions.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Compliance \u0623\u0648 Pollutant Load Calculation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Automatic Sampler \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 Representativeness \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 Automatic Sampler:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Time Composite \u0623\u0648 Flow-Proportional Composite<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n<p>Calibration \/ Verification.<\/p>\n<p>Tubing Cleanliness.<\/p>\n<p>Refrigeration.<\/p>\n<p>Program Settings.<\/p>\n<p>Aliquot Volume.<\/p>\n<p>Flow Signal.<\/p>\n<p>Power Supply.<\/p>\n<p>Sampling Duration.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 Sampling Design \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 Automatic Sampler\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>24-hour Composite<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>12 hours \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>24-hour Composite Result<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sampling Deviation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645:<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a Fit for Purpose\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Usable with Limitation \/ Not Representative \/ Resampling Required<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u0642 Decision Rules.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 Composite Period\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>Production Rate.<\/p>\n<p>Shift Changes.<\/p>\n<p>Shutdowns.<\/p>\n<p>Batch Releases.<\/p>\n<p>Cleaning\/CIP Cycles.<\/p>\n<p>Abnormal Events.<\/p>\n<p>Flow Changes.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 24 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What was the facility actually doing during those 24 hours?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Composite Sampling \u0641\u064a Stormwater<\/h3>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 Composite \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 Stormwater\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p>Monitoring Objective + Permit\/Plan + Analyte + Analytical Method<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 Grab \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>First Flush \u0623\u0648 Peak Event<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 First Flush\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n<p>Dust.<\/p>\n<p>Oil.<\/p>\n<p>Deposited Solids.<\/p>\n<p>Metals.<\/p>\n<p>Surface Contaminants.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c Sampling Strategy \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 First Flush \u0628\u062f\u0644 Composite \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 Grab \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u0636 Parameters \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628:<\/p>\n<p>Rapid Change.<\/p>\n<p>Poor Stability.<\/p>\n<p>Preservation Limitations.<\/p>\n<p>Method Requirements.<\/p>\n<p>Regulatory\/Permit Requirements.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Parameter X \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 Grab<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>Method + Permit + Approved Monitoring Program<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0644 Sampling \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0640:<\/p>\n<p>Project Requirements + Applicable Regulation\/Permit + Approved Monitoring Program + Provider Licensing Scope<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062e\u0635\u0635 NCEC \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629. NCE Compliance<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a 6 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2026. NCE Compliance<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0635 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 NCEC \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644<a href=\"https:\/\/albuad.sa\/\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f-\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\/\">\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629. NCE Compliance<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0646:<\/p>\n<p>Sampling Method \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0647\u0644 NCEC \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 Grab \u0623\u0648 Composite \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>Environmental Permit.<\/p>\n<p>Approved Monitoring Program.<\/p>\n<p>Analytical Method.<\/p>\n<p>Project-Specific Requirements.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f Grab \u0623\u0648 Composite \u0641\u064a EPA \u0623\u0648 ITRC \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Saudi Regulatory Requirement<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 Technical Methodology\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0647\u0644 ISM \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 ISM \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Technical Sampling Methodology<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p>Decision Units + Decision Statistic + Field Protocol + Laboratory Processing + Replicates + Acceptance\/Decision Criteria<\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0633\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<h2>25 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 Grab \u0648Composite \u0648ISM<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Grab \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Composite \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 Hotspot.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Site-Wide Composite \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f Sources \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 Composite \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a ISM.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 ISM \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 Decision Unit.<\/p>\n<p>\u062c\u0639\u0644 DU \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a Source Areas.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Mean \u0645\u0646 ISM \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a Maximum.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Targeted Samples \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 Site-Wide Mean \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d Sampling Bias.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Time Composite \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 Peak.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Grab \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 Daily Average \u0641\u064a Process \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 Flow \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 Mass Loading.<\/p>\n<p>Compositing \u0644\u0644\u0640VOCs \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 Method.<\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 Aliquot\/Increment Contributions.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 Laboratory Processing \u0641\u064a ISM.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Replicates \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 Sampling Precision.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Composite Result \u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 Contour Map.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 ISM \u062f\u0648\u0646 CSM.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0645\u062c Known Source Area \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 General DU.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Sampling Method \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 Media.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 Grab Samples \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0642\u0644 Protocol \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 Sample Type \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f Decision Question.<\/p>\n<h2>Checklist \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a: \u0623\u064a Sampling Method \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 Grab \/ Discrete \/ Composite \/ ISM \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 Decision Question \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>1. \u0647\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 Spatial Resolution.<\/p>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Discrete \/ Grab Sampling<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3>2. \u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 Hotspot\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hotspot Detection \/ Source Identification<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Targeted Discrete Sampling<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 Mean \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>3. \u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u062f Mean Concentration \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Decision Unit \u2013 DU<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Incremental Sampling Methodology \u2013 ISM<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0640Matrix\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0640Decision Statistic.<\/p>\n<h3>4. \u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 Wastewater \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Time Composite Sampling<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0640Average Concentration \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>5. \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 Flow \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pollutant Mass Load<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Flow-Proportional Composite<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>6. \u0647\u0644 Analyte \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 Compositing \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/p>\n<p>Analytical Method + Preservation + Holding Time + Sample Handling Requirements<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c.<\/p>\n<h3>7. \u0647\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c Contaminant Map\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Contour Map \/ Spatial Distribution \/ Delineation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Spatially Referenced Discrete Results<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0623\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>Coordinates + Depth + Result<\/p>\n<h3>8. \u0647\u0644 Criterion \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 Mean \u0623\u0645 Maximum\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mean-Based Decision : Composite \/ ISM \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<li>Maximum \/ Hotspot-Based Decision : Discrete Sampling \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 Discrete Sampling \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a Maximum \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>Decision Matrix \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Decision Question<\/th>\n<th>Sampling Approach \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 Tank\u061f<\/td>\n<td>Targeted Discrete<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u064a\u0646 Hotspot\u061f<\/td>\n<td>Targeted Discrete<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b\u061f<\/td>\n<td>Step-Out \/ Step-Down Discrete<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0627 Mean Soil Concentration \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 DU\u061f<\/td>\n<td>ISM<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 Wastewater \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/td>\n<td>Composite<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0627 Daily Mass Load\u061f<\/td>\n<td>Flow-Proportional Composite + Flow Data<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u061f<\/td>\n<td>Grab<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f Residual Hotspot \u0641\u064a Excavation\u061f<\/td>\n<td>Targeted Verification Samples<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0627 Mean Exposure \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 Area \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u061f<\/td>\n<td>ISM \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 Contour\u061f<\/td>\n<td>Spatial Discrete Samples<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Decision-Support Tool<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a Regulatory Protocol \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 1: \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0630\u0648 Wastewater \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 Average COD \u0648\u0645\u0627 Daily Pollutant Load\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645:<\/p>\n<p>Flow-Proportional Composite + Flow Measurement<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 pH \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 Batch Discharge \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Grab Sample<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 2: \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f Benzene \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 Dispenser No. 3\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Targeted Discrete Sampling<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Site-Wide Composite<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u0641\u064a Source Impact.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 3: \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 Mean Concentration \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a Surface Soil \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ISM \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 Decision Unit \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Transformer Area<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a General Yard DU.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Separate DU<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Targeted Discrete Sampling<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 4: Excavation Verification<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f Residual Hotspot \u0641\u064a South Wall\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Targeted \/ Discrete Verification<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 Completion Criterion \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mean Concentration \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 Floor DU<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 ISM \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 5: Stockpile<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 Stockpile \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Systematic Multi-Increment \/ Composite Approach<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 Stockpile\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>3D Discrete Investigation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0647\u0644 Mean \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0631\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Low Mean<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0645\u0639:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Very High Localized Hotspot<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p>Toxicity.<\/p>\n<p>Exposure Scenario.<\/p>\n<p>Spatial Distribution.<\/p>\n<p>Land Use.<\/p>\n<p>Decision Criterion.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 Mean \u0623\u0645 Maximum \u0623\u0645 Individual Result\u061f<\/p>\n<h3>\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636:<\/p>\n<p>TPH = 200 mg\/kg<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646:<\/p>\n<p>Grab Result \u0645\u0646 Borehole \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0648:<\/p>\n<p>Composite Result \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0648:<\/p>\n<p>ISM Result \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 Mean Estimate \u0644\u0640Decision Unit \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>200 mg\/kg<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 Environmental Meaning \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n<p>Never report a concentration without its sampling context.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u060c \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642:<\/p>\n<p>Sample Type.<\/p>\n<p>Sample ID.<\/p>\n<p>Decision Unit.<\/p>\n<p>Number of Increments \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>Location.<\/p>\n<p>Coordinates.<\/p>\n<p>Depth \/ Interval.<\/p>\n<p>Date\/Time.<\/p>\n<p>Analytical Method.<\/p>\n<p>Reporting Basis.<\/p>\n<p>Decision Statistic.<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>DU Mean<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Point Concentration<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 Composite Samples\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a Composite\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 Population \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 Matrix \u0648Population \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645 Weighted\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 Area \u0623\u0648 Time Period \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 Decision Criterion \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 Mean\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f Hotspots \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 Analytes \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0640Compositing\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 Compositing \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a Composite \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c ISM\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641\u062a Decision Units\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0644 DU\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 Decision Statistic\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645 Increment \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 Replicate\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0639\u062a Increments\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 Individual Increment Mass\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f Independent Replicates\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0648\u0644\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 Particle Size \u0648Subsampling\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639 Known\/Suspected Hotspots\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conventional Composite Sampling labeled as ISM<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 ISM \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 Grab \/ Discrete Sampling Program\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0631\u062a Locations\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 Targeted \u0623\u0645 Random \u0623\u0645 Systematic\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 Population \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 Sample\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 Depth Intervals \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f Spatial Bias\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 Hotspot \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c Statistical Inference \u0623\u0645 Point-Specific Decision\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0633\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a Grab Sampling \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 Population \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 Sampling Method \u0648QA\/QC<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Grab \/ Discrete \/ Composite \/ ISM<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c QA\/QC \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Grab \/ Discrete Sampling<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p>Field Duplicates \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>Blanks \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>Correct Location \/ Depth \/ Time.<\/p>\n<p>Preservation.<\/p>\n<p>Chain of Custody.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Composite Sampling<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u062f\u062f Aliquots.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0643\u0644 Aliquot.<\/p>\n<p>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>Weighting Basis.<\/p>\n<p>Mixing Procedure.<\/p>\n<p>Preservation \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ISM<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0636\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>Independent Replicates.<\/p>\n<p>Increment Pattern.<\/p>\n<p>Increment Mass.<\/p>\n<p>Total Sample Mass.<\/p>\n<p>Field Processing.<\/p>\n<p>Laboratory Processing.<\/p>\n<p>Particle Size \/ Subsampling Control.<\/p>\n<p>Complete Documentation.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0646:<\/p>\n<p>QA\/QC \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 Sampling Method.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>Chain of Custody \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a Grab Sample \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sample ID : Location : Depth : Time : Laboratory Result<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a Composite Sample \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u064a Aliquots \u0623\u0648 Parent Locations \u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a ISM \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 Traceability \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n<p>Decision Unit : Replicate : Increment Pattern : Field Sample : Processed Laboratory Sample : Analytical Result<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What exactly does this result represent?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 Sampling Method\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u064a\u0633:<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 Grab \u0623\u0645 Composite\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 Sampling Design \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 Conceptual Site Model.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f Data Quality Objectives.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 Population of Interest.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 Decision Units.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 Grab\/Discrete Sampling Strategy.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 Composite Sampling.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 ISM.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 Targeted \u0648Hybrid Sampling.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f Hotspot Strategy.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f Sampling and Analysis Plan.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 Analytical Methods \u0648Reporting Limits.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f QA\/QC Requirements.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 Field \u0648Laboratory Processing.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 Representativeness \u0648Data Usability.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f Data Gaps.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Average Results \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a Spatial Liability \u0623\u0648 Source Areas.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062e\u0635\u0635 NCEC \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629. NCE Compliance<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a Grab Sample\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 Location \u0648Time \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 Sampling Design.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a Composite Sample\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0639\u062f\u0629 Aliquots \u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a Incremental Sampling Methodology \u2013 ISM\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 Structured Sampling \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 Increments \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 Decision Unit \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Mean Concentration \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 DU.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0647\u0644 Composite \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a Hotspot\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0646\u0639\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0640Hotspot \u0623\u0648 Maximum.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0647\u0644 Grab Sample \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c Sampling Design \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 Composite \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a Analytes \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 Grab\/Discrete \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c: Specific Location \/ Hotspot \/ Peak \/ Delineation \/ Spatial Distribution<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 Composite \u0648ISM\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>ISM \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644: Decision Units + Systematic Increments + Processing Protocol + Replicates + Statistical Interpretation<\/p>\n<h3>\u0647\u0644 ISM \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 Maximum\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 Mean \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 DU \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 ISM \u0648Grab \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c: DU Mean + Independent Hotspot Information<\/p>\n<h3>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 Compositing \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a VOC\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 Manipulation \u0648Mixing \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 Time \u0648Flow-Proportional Composite\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>Time Composite \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 Flow-Proportional \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 Aliquots \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 Pollutant Mass Load \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 Flow.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f Increments \u0641\u064a ISM \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0627. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628: DU + Heterogeneity + Particle Characteristics + Decision Objective + Required Precision<\/p>\n<h3>\u0647\u0644 ISM \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 NCEC\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f Sample Type \u00ab\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u00bb \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>Grab \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>Composite \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c Average.<\/p>\n<p>ISM \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062d\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f Hotspot\u061f : Spatially Discrete Data<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0627 Mean Concentration \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 DU\u061f : ISM \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 Wastewater \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f : Composite \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u061f : Grab \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0648:<\/p>\n<p>Define Decision \u060c \u062b\u0645 Define Population \/ DU \u060c \u062b\u0645 Mean or Maximum? \u060c \u062b\u0645 Spatial or Temporal Resolution? \u060c \u062b\u0645 Are Hotspots Important? \u060c \u062b\u0645 Are Analytes Stable for Compositing? \u060c \u062b\u0645 Select Grab \/ Composite \/ ISM \/ Hybrid \u060c \u062b\u0645 Design Locations \/ Increments \u060c \u062b\u0645 Apply Method-Specific QA\/QC \u060c \u062b\u0645 Laboratory Analysis \u060c \u062b\u0645 Interpret Result According to Sampling Context<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 Mean \u0625\u0644\u0649 Maximum.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 Point Result \u0625\u0644\u0649 Site-Wide Average.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 Composite \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 ISM \u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c Source Area \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 DU \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647:<\/p>\n<p>TPH = 150 mg\/kg<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Point Concentration \u0623\u0648 Composite Average \u0623\u0648 ISM DU Mean<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n<p>Sample Type + Population\/DU + Location\/Depth \u0623\u0648 Sampling Period + Decision Statistic + Intended Decision<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 Sampling \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 Decision Error \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/albuad.sa\/\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a-\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639-csm\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/albuad.sa\/\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a-\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639-csm\/\"> \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/albuad.sa\/\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f-\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b-\u0641\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\/\">\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/albuad.sa\/\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f-\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b-\u0641\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\/\"> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/albuad.sa\/\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629\/\">\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/albuad.sa\/\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629\/\">\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/albuad.sa\/\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629-\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\/\">\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/albuad.sa\/\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\/\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/albuad.sa\/\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\/\">\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/albuad.sa\/\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642-\u0628\u0639\u062f-\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\/\">\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/albuad.sa\/\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f-\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\/\">\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/pcbs\/incremental-sampling-methodology-ism-pcb-cleanup-sites\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2015-06\/documents\/Wastewater-Sampling.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/health.hawaii.gov\/heer\/guidance\/specific-topics\/decision-unit-and-multi-increment-sampling-methods\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u064a: \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncec.gov.sa\/ar\/eServices\/EservicesDirectory\/Pages\/Eservice004.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a: \u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncec.gov.sa\/ar\/eServices\/EservicesDirectory\/Pages\/Eservice028.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a: \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f. <a href=\"https:\/\/albuad.sa\/\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644-\u0628\u0646\u0627\/\">\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0646\u0627<\/a> \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a Grab Sample\u061f\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 Location \u0648Time \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 Sampling Design.\"\n      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\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 Decision Unit \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Mean Concentration \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 DU.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"\u0647\u0644 Composite \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a Hotspot\u061f\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"\u0646\u0639\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0640Hotspot \u0623\u0648 Maximum.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"\u0647\u0644 Grab Sample \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u061f\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c Sampling Design \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0647.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 Composite \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u061f\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a Analytes \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 Grab\/Discrete \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629\u061f\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c: Specific Location \/ Hotspot \/ Peak \/ Delineation \/ Spatial Distribution\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 Composite \u0648ISM\u061f\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"ISM \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644: Decision Units + Systematic Increments + Processing Protocol + Replicates + Statistical Interpretation\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"\u0647\u0644 ISM \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 Maximum\u061f\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 Mean \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 DU \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 ISM \u0648Grab \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627\u061f\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"\u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c: DU Mean + Independent Hotspot Information\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 Compositing \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a VOC\u061f\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 Manipulation \u0648Mixing \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 Time \u0648Flow-Proportional Composite\u061f\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"Time Composite \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 Flow-Proportional \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 Aliquots \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 Pollutant Mass Load \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 Flow.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f Increments \u0641\u064a ISM \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u061f\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"\u0644\u0627. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628: DU + Heterogeneity + Particle Characteristics + Decision Objective + Required Precision\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"\u0647\u0644 ISM \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 NCEC\u061f\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}\n<\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 A 10 B 12 C 11 D 9 E 500 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0646\u0627 Grab Sample \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 B \u0641\u0642\u0637: Result = 12 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0646\u0627 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